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Wednesday, June 27, 2012
Male contraceptive shows promise
Hormone gels applied to skin sink sperm counts
Web edition : 2:04 pm
HOUSTON ? Guys might someday have a birth-control option that rivals the pill. Two gels applied to the skin deliver hormones that knock down a man?s sperm count, acting as a male contraceptive, researchers reported June 25 at the Endocrine Society?s annual meeting.
While women have had access to hormone-based contraceptives for decades, men have had few alternatives beyond condoms and vasectomies. In the new trial, scientists randomly assigned 99 men in the Seattle and Los Angeles areas to apply two unlabeled gels to their skin daily. Some men got gels containing testosterone and Nestorone, a synthetic hormone similar to progestin. Others got a testosterone gel and a placebo. ?
In all, 56 of the men completed at least 20 weeks of the regimen. By the end, 89 percent of men who got the dual hormone treatment saw their sperm counts plummet from about 15 million per cubic milliliter of ejaculate to less than 1 million. What?s more, a majority of those men made no detectable sperm at all, the researchers found.
?Less than 1 million is an arbitrary line, but it?s a threshold that we say is compatible with effective contraception,? said study coauthor Christina Wang, a physician at UCLA. ?There was very effective suppression of spermatogenesis.?
About 23 percent of men getting testosterone plus placebo saw their sperm counts drop below 1 million in response to that one-hormone treatment.
?This is an interesting and important clinical study showing that a transdermal male contraceptive may be possible in the future,? says James Dalton, chief scientific officer at GTx Inc., a biopharmaceutical firm in Memphis, Tenn. ?The use of transdermal gels for male contraception is a potentially meaningful advance compared to the prior approaches, which required intramuscular injection.?? This approach ?clearly?deserves further investigation,? he said, noting that the research would need to improve on the treatment?s 89 percent effectiveness rate.
The Nestorone-plus-testosterone treatment inhibits certain activities in the brain?s hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland that regulate sperm manufacture by the testes, largely shutting it down, Wang said. ?But the treatment is reversible: In all the men, sperm counts returned to normal by about 12 weeks of stopping the medications.
One-fifth of participants reported developing some acne during the study, apparently from the testosterone. And while 43 men left the study early, they did so mainly by failing to return for all the numerous blood tests required in the study protocol, not because of side effects, Wang said.
Large-scale testing of a single, combined gel ? possibly with lower doses of testosterone ? will be needed to get regulatory approval for the drug combination. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Population Council provided support for this study.
Found in: Body & Brain
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Queen Elizabeth II begins her 20th trip to Northern Ireland
Cathal Mcnaughton / Reuters
Britain's Queen Elizabeth waves to members of the public as she arrives in Enniskillen on the first day of a two day tour of Northern Ireland, June 26.
David Moir / Reuters
People take photographs from a rooftop as Britain's Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip arrive for a service of thanksgiving at Saint Macartin's Cathedral in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland June 26.
David Moir / Reuters
Britain's Queen Elizabeth accepts flowers from members of the public after she attended a Service of Thanksgiving at Saint Macartin's Cathedral in Ennniskillen, Northern Ireland June 26.
Chris Jackson / Getty Images
Queen Elizabeth II visits Macartin's Cathederal on June 26, in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland.
Carl Court / AFP - Getty Images
After more than five decades on the throne, view images from the extraordinary life of Queen Elizabeth II.
AP reports: ENNISKILLEN, Northern Ireland - Queen Elizabeth II arrived in Northern Ireland on Tuesday to celebrate the British territory's hard-won peace in a town that suffered one of the IRA's worst massacres - and inspired its greatest moment of Christian forgiveness.
Catholic and Protestant leaders from across Ireland united in Enniskillen at an ecumenical service in the monarch's honor as, outside in wind and rain, several thousand people waved Union Jack flags and banners honoring the queen amid an unrelenting din of pealing church bells.
The monarch's long-awaited meeting with former Irish Republican Army commander Martin McGuinness comes Wednesday in Belfast. Full story
See more photos from the Queen's life in our slideshow at right.
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Tuesday, June 26, 2012
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Garmin Swim watch tracks your water workouts, we hit the pool (hands-on)
Garmin is adding a new product to its line-up of fitness watches, and this one is dedicated to workouts of the aquatic variety. The Garmin Swim tracks your distance swam, average pace, workout time and more, and it uploads those stats to the web to help monitor your progress. Though it's meant to be a part of your exercise routine, the Garmin Swim watch looks like your average plastic digi-timepiece. The watch has six buttons with functions for viewing the time of day, scrolling through the menu options, controlling the timer, viewing the menu and entering workout mode. The setup takes some getting used to, but the illustrative icons on the watch helped us get into the rhythm quickly.
Getting started with the Swim simply entails entering the size of your pool, with options to measure in yards or meters. Once that info is uploaded, you press the swim button and are ready to get splashing. We spent a solid half-hour doing laps, and the Swim duly recognized and recorded that we varied our strokes. Stopping the timer each time we took a break created a new interval for our workout, with a rundown of the elapsed time, distance in meters, number of strokes, type of stroke, total laps, average speed and calories burned. That's a lot of data to pore over, and Garmin lets you wirelessly upload it all to the Garmin Connect site. To do this, you have to pair the watch with your computer using a USB ANT stick: once it works, it's an efficient, easy way to review your workout, but it took us a few tries before our laptop recognized the watch. Garmin says the watch's battery will last a full year, which is plenty of time to log some serious laps. For more about the Swim, check out the press info past the break.
Continue reading Garmin Swim watch tracks your water workouts, we hit the pool (hands-on)
Garmin Swim watch tracks your water workouts, we hit the pool (hands-on) originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 25 Jun 2012 07:00:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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Schweinsteiger ready for semifinal against Italy
By NESHA STARCEVIC
AP Sports Writer
Associated Press Sports
updated 8:55 a.m. ET June 26, 2012
GDANSK, Poland (AP) -Germany central midfielder Bastian Schweinsteiger will be available to play in the European Championship semifinals against Italy on Thursday.
Schweinsteiger has complained of a lingering ankle injury and had raised doubts about his fitness. But coach Joachim Loew said Tuesday all of his players will be ready to face Italy in Warsaw, including Schweinsteiger.
"He is the team's emotional leader, he thinks a lot and asks a lot of questions, he has matured enormously over the past two years," Loew said. "He's very important for our team. We need him on the field."
Schweinsteiger tore a ligament in his right ankle in February and said Sunday the injury hadn't healed properly. The Bayern Munich player has started all four matches and made some uncharacteristic bad passes in the quarterfinal against Greece.
"Bastian is self-critical, he knows what his mistakes were and they won't happen again," Loew said.
Loew, who has tinkered with his lineup and changed the three-man forward line in the 4-2 win over Greece, did not rule out another reshuffle.
"Italy is a completely different caliber. I may change one or two things," Loew said.
As always, Loew revealed no details. Veteran striker Miroslav Klose started in favor of Mario Gomez against Greece. Klose said Tuesday he expected to play against Italy.
Loew also used Marco Reus and Andre Schuerrle as his attacking midfielders, replacing Thomas Mueller and Lukas Podolski, respectively.
"We have very ambitious players and even those who do not play bring a lot of quality to training," said Loew, who likes to remain unpredictable when it comes to Germany's lineups.
"But our philosophy, our game will not change," he said.
? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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More newsAFP - Getty ImagesPirlo's peerless performance
PST: Italy's Andrea Pirlo was positively magnificent in Sunday's quarterfinal win over England. But don't take our word for it alone.
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Better looking birds have more help at home with their chicks
Monday, June 25, 2012
In choosing a mate both males and females rely on visual cues to determine which potential partner will supply the best genes, best nesting site, best territory, and best parenting skills. New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal Frontiers in Zoology shows that male blue tits' (Cyanistes caeruleus) parental behavior is determined by female ornamentation (ultraviolet coloration of the crown), as predicted by the differential allocation hypothesis (DAH).
DAH makes the assumption that aesthetic traits indicate quality and arises from the needs of a parent's current need to ensure current reproductive success and the reproductive success of their offspring. Ornamentation and its maintenance is a cost which reduces energy available for reproduction, but without the ornamentation an individual may not be able to secure a mate. Ornamentation also plays a role in competition between males and between females, as well as signaling potential reproductive success.
But reproductive success does not only depend on the best genes and the best nest, it also depends on parenting skills. Researchers from Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, supported by the "Sparkling-Science" Program, investigated the effect of female ornamentation on the chick-rearing behavior of their mates. Both males and female blue tits have feathers on the top of their heads which reflect UV light. After their chicks had hatched, female blue tits were captured and their crowns smeared with either duck preen gland oil containing UV-blocking chemicals or the oil alone.
Although the UV-blocking chemicals did not alter the behavior of the females, their mates made fewer hunting trips to feed their brood. However the males made the same effort to protect their nest and defend their chicks as males with oil-only treated females.
Dr Matteo Griggio, co-author of this study, commented, "This is the first study to show that male blue tit behavior depends on female ornamentation. Even though our experiment was minimally invasive to avoid partners not being able to recognize each other, the behavior of male blue tits in this study matched the DAH. DAH also predicts that less attractive females should increase their parental investment but we found no compensatory female behavior."
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BioMed Central: http://www.biomedcentral.com
Thanks to BioMed Central for this article.
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